Омская гуманитарная академия

КОКШЕТАУСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ им. АБАЯ МЫРЗАХМЕТОВА

(РЕСПУБЛИКА КАЗАХСТАН)
ОМСКАЯ ГУМАНИТАРНАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ

(РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ)


Международная научно-практическая конференция

«Актуальные вопросы совершенствования законодательства в рамках реализации стратегии «Казахстан-2050»

30-31 мая 2013 года


Сборник научных трудов

г. Кокшетау, 2013.

УДК 342.52/.53(574)

ББК 66.3(5Каз)

Международная научно-практическая конференция «Актуальные вопросы совершенствования законодательства в рамках реализации стратегии «Казахстан-2050»: Сборник научных трудов международной научно-практической конференции /Под общей ред. д.п.н., проф. С.С. Досановой – Кокшетау: КУАМ, 2013. - 142 с.
ISBN 978-602-261-183-0

Редакционная коллегия сборника научных трудов:

Елюбаев М.С. – доктор юридических наук, профессор, Президент Кокшетауского университета им. А. Мырзахметова;

Досанова С.С. – доктор педагогических наук, профессор, академик МАИ, Первый вице-президент Кокшетауского университета имени А. Мырзахметова;

Ибышев Е.С. – ректор Кокшетауского университета имени А. Мырзахметова, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, академик АПНК;

Еремеев А.Э. – доктор филологических наук, профессор, ректор Омской гуманитарной академии (г. Омск, РФ);

Нұрмұханбет Д.Ы. - кандидат юридических наук, проректор по научной работе и международным связям Кокшетауского университета имени А. Мырзахметова;

Лепешев Д.В. - кандидат педагогических наук, член-корреспондент АПНК, зам. проректора по НР и МС Кокшетауского университета имени А. Мырзахметова;

Булатов Н.К. – кандидат технических наук, руководитель отделами научно-исследовательской деятельности Кокшетауского университета имени А. Мырзахметова;

В сборнике представлены научные труды по ряду научных направлений студентов, магистрантов и преподавателей.

Представленные статьи публикуются в авторской редакции.

УДК 342.52/.53(574)

ББК 66.3(5Каз)

ISBN 978-602-261-183-0


Ó Кокшетауский университет им. Абая Мырзахметова, 2013

С О Д Е Р Ж А Н И Е
Секция 1. Международное право, конституционое право и право государственного управления
Шегирбаев О.А. The legal aspects of the formation of the Customs Union and Common Economic Space ……………………………………………………..

Алдышева У.С. Мемлекеттік қызмет деңгейін жетілдірудегі шетелдік механизмдерді қолдану мәселелері .....................

Тасбулатова Г.Ж. Стадии и средства дипломатической защиты …………

Алтынбекова Г.А. Понятие и юридическое содержание конституционного статуса иностранцев ……

Мухамбетова А.Б. Международная правосубъектность международных организаций ...........................................

Мухамбетова А.Б. Международная правосубъектность наций и народов, борющихся за независимость .............................

Алдышева У.А. Мемлекеттік қызметте құқықты қолдану механизмдерін жетілдіру мәселелері ........................................................

Канжигалин Д.К. Институт прав женщин: проблемы соотношения международно - правового и внутригосударственного регулирования ………
Секция 2. Гражданское право и гражданский процесс
Есмагамбетов Е.К История возникновения института факторинга в мировой практике и особенности его развития в Казахстане ……

Бекбаева С.Г. История становления и развития апелляционного производства

Нурмагамбетов А.С. Правовые особенности становления патентной системы Европы ………………………………………………………

Нурмагамбетов А.С. Становление и развитие патентной системы Казахстана

Абдукаримова А.А деятельность всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности: взаимодействие с Республикой Казахстан …………………
Секция 3. Уголовное право, уголовный процесс, криминология и криминалистика
Алибаев Р.О. Роль института судебной власти в современном гражданском обществе …………………………………………

Жолымбаев М.К., Габбасов М. Р. Должностное злоупотребление: проблемы криминализации и квалификации …………….

Сапбаев А.С. Понятие обстановки совершения преступления ……………

Жолумбаев М., Шагиев Н. А. Проблемы квалификации незаконного оборота наркотических средств …………….

Жолумбаев М.К., Биюнов Т.С. Понятие превышения должностных полномочий …………………………………………..

Байболова М.Б. Әділсотқа қарсы жасалған қылмыстарға криминологиялық сипаттама беру және жазаларды орындау тәртібі ...............................................

Байдрахман Б.С. Агрессия – тягчайшее преступление против мира и человечества …………………………………….

Жолымбаев М.К., Касымов Г.А. Институт помилования: криминологические и уголовно-правовые аспекты ........

Смагулов А.Н. Захват заложников как общественно опасное посягательство

Тлеубердина У.Т., Сыздыкова А.Н. Сақтандыру саласындағы алаяқтық және тергеу мәселелері ..........................
Секция 4. Экологическое, лесное, водное и воздушное право
Тлеуова Ж.О., Морев А.А. Правовое регулирование лесопользования в Республике Казахстан …………………………………….

Нуртазина Л.М. Общая характеристика эколого-правовой охраны окружающей среды в Республике Казахстан ……………………………

Нуртазина Л.М. Экологический кодекс Республики Казахстан и его влияние на природоохранное законодательство ………………………………………..

Байжанов Е.А. Правовое регулирование трансграничных воздушных загрязнения в Центрально-азиатском регионе …………………………

Тлеуова Ж.О., Бекбаева К.Г. История становления экологического права Европейского Союза …………………………………..

Темирова А. Ж. Некоторые проблемы права недропользования ……………
Секция 5. Трудовое право
Нуралина У.В. О реализации прав на справедливые условия труда в Казахстане ……………………………………….

Нуралина У.В. Защита от безработицы в современном Казахстане ……………


Секция 1. МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО, КОНСТИТУЦИОНОЕ ПРАВО И ПРАВО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Шегирбаев О.А.

студент программы Магистратуры в области «Международных отношений», Университет «КИМЭП»

(Республика Казахстан, г.Алматы)
THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE CUSTOMS UNION AND COMMON ECONOMIC SPACE

(Правовые аспекты формирования Таможенного Союза и Единого Экономического Пространства)
With the advent of the new century, the member countries decided to intensify work in the structure. For this reason, in 2000, the heads of five states, members of the Customs Union of 1995 (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan), decided to transform this Union into the EurAsEC. The purpose of this association is to create conditions for the formation of the single Customs Union (CU) for all member countries. The similarity of the economies should ensure a painless and seamless integration of national economies into one large complex. Moreover, there is possibility for further geographical expansion in the future.[1]. The first real step in this direction was made in 2005 at a summit in Kazan, when the decision on the need for the creation of new Customs Union was made. After it in 6^th October, 2007 in Dushanbe Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed the Treaty on the establishment of a common customs territory and formation of the new Customs Union. [2].

Customs union of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belorussia means the creation of a single customs territory with the abolition of customs barriers within it. This organization establishes a common customs territory, within which customs duties and restrictions of economic nature, with the exception of special protective, antidumping and countervailing measures shall not apply. Moreover CU introduces a unified customs tariff and other common measures regulating trade in goods 

with the third countries. [3]. This CU represents the fifth in the world after the North American zone of free trade, EU and Association of the states of southeast Asia association of the states with cumulative gross national product in 1,35 bln. dollars with the population of 160 million people. [4].

In 16^th August, 2006, the decision on the interstate level of EurAsEC were adopted, according to which till 1^st October, 2006 a comparative analysis of similar documents on the subject of regulation of the legal basis of the EurAsEC and all necessary documents for the formation of the legal base of the Customs Union must be adopted. Moreover, according to those decision till 1^st July, 2007 all preparatory work for preparation of all necessary documents for the formation of a Common Economic Space must be completed. [5].

So, in 6^th October, 2007 the Treaty about the creation of CU was adopted and furthermore, in 2009 all major activities to create an enabling framework for CU were held, including the creation of a common customs code. As a result in 2010 the CU was finally formed. [2].

There are three main steps of the Customs Union formation which were taken:

1. 
   Unified Customs Tariff of the Customs Union;
   
2. 
   Formation of a common outer border of CU;
   
3. 
   Adoption of a Customs Code of the Customs Union. [6].
   

Since 1^st January 2010 an agreement on a unified customs tariff of the Customs Union and a unified tariff regulation entered into force. Unified Customs Tariff of the Customs Union (UCT СU) - is a set of import customs duties applicable to goods imported into the common customs territory of the Customs Union from third countries, classified in accordance with the Single Commodity Nomenclature for Foreign Economic Activity of the Customs Union.

In 2011 the internal borders of three core-countries of the CU (Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia) have been changed, now there is one common outer border of CU. This means that there is no custom borders and no customs tariffs inside the CU; it were transferred to the external border of CU. [7].

The Customs Code of the Customs Union is one of the main CU documents. It is an agreement on the definition of customs value, as well as other documents entered into force on 1^st July 2010. This Code regulates matters related to customs clearance and customs control on the territory of the Customs Union. This organization should benefit the participating countries. According to preliminary data of Russian Academy of Science (RAN) in 2009, the total integration effect in 2015 will be near $ 400 billion. Also according to Sergei Glazyev, executive secretary of the Customs Union, it will bring an additional 15% to GDP growth in each country separately. [8]. Thus, many experts are skeptical about this issue. For example Rahman Alshanov, believes that this organization will bring losses to the developing market of Kazakhstan since domestic production has not yet been developed, due to its infancy. Such institutions cannot compete with advanced industry (in comparison to Kazakhstan) of the Russian Federation. [9].

In December 2010, the EurAsEC Interstate Council (the supreme body of the CU) adopted a package of the 17 international agreements forming the legal framework of the Common Economic Space of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. These were the first practical steps to create Customs Union. This package included the following areas:

• 
  The conduction of a coherent economic policy and harmonization of regulatory economics;
  
• 
  The creation of a common market for services;
  
• 
  The creation of a common market of capital and of a coordinated monetary policy;
  
• 
  The creation of a common market of labor;
  
• 
  The formation of a common energy market, access to services of natural monopolies in oil and gas and rail transport services;
  
• 
  Technical regulation. [10].
  

Belarus has ratified all 17 agreements in December 2010, Kazakhstan and Russia have completed their ratification procedures by 1^st July 2011. To fulfill the agreements signed EurAsEC Interstate Council (the supreme body of the Customs Union) 15^th March, 2011 was adopted the Action Plan for the implementation of the Agreements, which form the CES. It includes 111 items, of which 75 positions to be implemented by Parties and Governments of the appropriate authorities, and 36 - CCC. To complete this plan was prepared schedule for the development of instruments for the implementation of the Agreements, which form the EEA, which contains 50 items (approved by CCC 7^th April 2011). [11].

Before CU was created about 40 per cent of duty coincided in Russia Belarus and Kazakhstan were equal. 60% of the remaining fees were subject to unification. This means that 60% of all tariffs in each country differ. It was necessary to come to definite denominator in order to make the work of the Customs Union possible. The main point in this matter is that the duty of Kazakhstan was lower than those of Russia and Belarus, which was about the same level. As a result, Kazakhstan had to raise their level of interest rates. However, some commodities Kazakhstan reserved the right to apply a lower rate of customs duties. It was about 400 items. Here it should be mentioned that most of these goods are not produced by participating countries and, therefore, neither Russia nor Belarus is simply are not able to provide these goods to Kazakhstan. As an example, raw sugar cane. [12].

Technical regulation is another important part of the CU. It is carried out for the purpose of ensuring the free movement of goods within the Customs Union and Common Economic Space. So, this is an important tool of unification processes.

Along with the basic agreement on common principles and rules of technical regulation in the CES member states, technical rules for certain types of products will be accepted. Technical regulations are developed and adopted to ensure the territory of the Customs Union to protect life and health, environmental protection, prevention of actions that mislead consumers and to ensure energy efficiency and resource conservation. Now there are 31 technical regulations which are adopted and approved by the Kazakh side. [13].

14 agreements of ”the first wave” and 6 – "second" do by an integration subject key spheres of functioning of economy of the countries – partners and, hence, pawn necessary preconditions for deep and irreversible economic rapprochement of three countries. These documents which yet have been not collected in the uniform authorized (constitutional) document deduce the given agreements on higher level equal as at such blocks as the North American zone of free trade and Association of the states of southeast Asia.

On the one hand, it creates certain difficulties for the Kazakh producers, because it creates additional standards that producers need to conform. On the other hand it is a positive factor, because these standards create definite bar, which should be equal and strive to achieve it. Theoretically, this should motivate domestic producers, and contribute to improving the quality of its products within the country itself.

Since 2012 CU evolved into a Common Economic Space (CES). From 2010 to 2012 the all legal base which formed CES was adopted by the member states. Now, in order to prepare all necessary documents and agreements to the development of the CES the Plan of action to implement the agreements forming the CES was approved by the EurAsEC Interstate Council (the supreme body of the Customs Union) on 15^th March 2011. The Plan includes the preparation and adoption of 13 international treaties, and 42 other documents (reports, plans, events, etc.) and also the implementation of the parties to be more than 70 mandatory measures for 17 basic agreements forming the CES till the end of 2015. All these measures will provide the full value work of the CES since 1^st January 2016. [14].

CES is the next (after the Customs Union) level of integration of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus. It provides free movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as a coherent macroeconomic policy. [16]. This project is extremely important, because it is the initial stage of development, the so-called core, which consists of the three most, developed states of the Eurasian Economic Community (Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia). According to plans, when this “core” will become strong enough, the organization will begin its expansion by inviting new members into the CU.

In addition, governments have to coordinate macroeconomic and monetary policy. Practical benefits such integration should be given in the future, with the gradual liberalization and harmonization of the different types of administration, first of all, trade and tax. [15].

Since the 1^st January, 2012 the several steps for enabling of CES were taking. First of all 17 new agreements on the CES came into force. This package of 17 treaties of CES, signed by Heads of State, creates the conditions for the free movement not only of goods but also services, capital and labor. [16].

Though at first they have a declarative character, then these agreements to be deployed in the 52 regulations, which will become the tools of direct action, among which there are a number of international treaties. More than 10 of them deal with competition. They define everything from the concept of cross-border markets to handling procedures, statements and methods of investigations. [17].

Talking about the legal basis of the CES, the Schedule of the development of instruments for the implementation of 15 Agreements which form a single economic space which was accepted in May 2012, by the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission. This schedule aims the preparation and adoption of 15 key documents, which provides the basis of the adjusted functioning of CES. This schedule is defined for the period from 2012 to 2015, in which as it is known the Eurasian Economic Union will be established. [18].

By the 1^st July, 2013 Model Law on Competition will be adopted. Thereafter, the CES Commission will become an international antitrust committee that will investigate all situations involving cross-border markets. The most significant violations committed on the territory of not one but at least two countries will be considered by this Comission. [19].

In addition, at the time the work on agreements on transport, energy, natural monopolies, macroeconomics, monetary policy is ongoing. Thus, according to the functionalism, at the moment integration is penetrating in all main spheres of the life of three countries.

At the same time, some problems with integration appears. For instance, the creation of a single electricity market in borders of CU is problematic, due to the fact that Russia can not currently solve its internal problems with electric power. However, experts doubt that the CES without harmonization of the electricity market and the coordinated transport policy would be incomplete. [18].

There are also some differences in the structure of power system of member countries. Thus, in contrast to Russia, where there is no restrictions for existing power tariff, Kazakhstan electricity market is regulated by the Government, which argues for generators limit tariffs on a "rates - in exchange for the investment. Due to the advent of the single market, in his view, there is a question about the appearance of a single regulator, a kind of supra-national Ministry of Electricity, or else the Agency, which will oversee these matters, its functions and powers. [20].

A similar situation is observed in the area of ​​logistics. Regarding this issue, the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, Serik Akhmetov, gave a number of instructions to the leadership of the national company "Kazakhstan Temir Zholy" to draw attention to the potential risks resulting from unification of tariffs: "We need a clear and coordinated work with our partners in the range of transport and logistics services. Should understand what issues may arise in collaboration with the railways of Russia and Belarus in the framework customs union, common economic space. In addition, the question of a creation of a unified transport logistics company in Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus currently is under consideration. [21]. Similar problems are also can be seen in other areas of the economy, including agriculture.

According to the deputy chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of Russia Valery Shnyakin problems of operation of the first stage of the CES may extend to three years of the CU member-countries. In particular, he noted that the first phase of the CES formation will gone and the positive effect will take place in any case. But the costs of the first stage can be felt for three years. [22].
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