Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов неязыковых специальностей Витебск уо «вгу им. П. М. Машерова»

3. Вопросительные предложения
Вопросительные предложения преобразуются следующим образом: oбщие вопросы вводятся союзами if, whether (час­тица «ли»), порядок слов вопросительного предложения заме­няется порядком слов утвердительного предложения:

Indirect Questions

Indirect General Questions

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
Ann's mother asked her, "Are you tired?"	Ann's mother asked her if she was tired.
He asked his friend, "Do you like the wine?"	He asked his friend if he liked the wine.
I asked Frank, "Did you buy a new car?"	I asked Frank if he had bought a new car.
Ann's father asked her, "Have you finished the work?"	Ann's father asked her whether she had finished the work.
I asked my sister, "Will you go to Italy in summer?"	I asked my sister whether she would go to Italy in summer.

NOTE: to ask smb

to ask a question

Специальные вопросы вводятся тем же вопросительным словом, с которого начинается прямая речь, порядок слов заменяется порядком слов утвердительного предложения.

Indirect Special Questions

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
Peter asked, "Who has taken my book?"	Peter asked who had taken his book.
I asked the gardener, "What are you planting here this year?"	I asked the gardener what he was planting there that year.
Nina's sister asked her, "Who did you meet at the theatre?"	Nina's sister asked her who she had met at the theatre.
I asked my mother, "What did the teacher say?"	I asked may mother what the teacher had said.
He asked Roger, "When will he come back?"	He asked Roger when he would come back.
Ted asked Ron, "Where do your parents live?"	Ted asked Ron where his parents lived.
The professor asked his student, "Why he haven't you done the home assignment?"	The professor asked his student why he hadn't done his home assignment.

Ex. 1 Change the following from direct into indirect speech.
1. She said to him, "Close the window" 2. She said to him, "Come at four o'clock." 3. He asked us, "Do you want to see a new film?" 4. She asked us, "Will you drink a cup of coffee?" 5. She said, "I'm terribly cold." 6. Each time he received the answer, "No, we haven't vacant rooms to-night." 7. At last he received a different reply, "We have a room empty but it has been reserved." 8. Then the man added, "It is half past twelve and they have not arrived, you may have the room”. 9. He said, "I met Peter when I was in the library: 10. He said to us, "Shall we change the plan a little bit?" 11. Father said, "I can stay at home and work in the garden." 12. Father said to Mother, "I got a new rod yesterday, you can use it if you want to." 13. Mother said, "I don't care for fishing.” 14. Mother said, "I'll arrange everything for the trip"15. The girls said, "We shall help you to wash the dishes". 16. The teacher said to the student,-"Come in.” 17. She said, "How long does it take you to get to the University?"
Ex. 2. Restore direct speech. Mind the rules of the sequence of tenses.
1. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 2. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel.

3. She said she was feeling bad that day. 4. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 5. He told me he was ill. 6. He told me he had fallen ill. 7. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 8. I told my sister that she might catch cold. 9. She told me she had caught cold. 10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday.
13. The man said he had spent a month at a health-resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.
Ex. 3 Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.
1. He has just asked me, "Who will come to the cinema with me?" 2. He has asked me, "Will yon be at home to-night?" 3. He has Just asked me, "Is it time to go?" 4 He asked me, "Where are you going?" 5. She asked me, "Does he always come so late?" 6. He asked her, "How did yon do that?" 7. He asked roe, "Is it raining?" 8 She asked him, "Have the children returned from school?" 9. He asked me, "How old are you?" 10. She asked me, "Why didn't you come here yesterday?" 11, He asked me, "Do you know how far it is to the station?" 12. He asked me, "Where are you going?" 13. She asked me, "How long have you been studying English?" 14 He asked her, "Did anybody call this morning?" 15. I asked him, "Can you meet me tomorrow?" 16. She asked me, "May 1 open the window?" 17. He asked her, "Why can't you answer this question at once?" 18. She asked me, "Would you like to see the garden?" 19. I asked him, "What will you do if you miss the train?" 20. He asked the manager. "At what price were the two cargoes of wheat sold yesterday?" 21. He asked me, "Do you think that the weather will change?" 22. He asked the buyer, "When do you want the goods to be shipped?" 23. I asked him, "Is it possible to charter a steamer for loading at the end of the month?" 24. I asked him, "When will you open the letter of credit?" 25. I asked him, "Can you guarantee that machine will be delivered in September?"
Ex. 4 Translate the stories from Russian into English, paying special attention to the italicized words.
Совет врача

Медсестра спросила меня, ожидаю ли я доктора Грея, и пригласила меня к нему в кабинет (surgery).

Доктор Грей улыбнулся мне и спросил, что меня беспокоит. Я сказал, что ужасно переутомлен (be run down). Он спросил меня, поздно ли я ложусь спать (stay up late), и я сказал, что нет. Он поинтересовался, почему я не соблюдаю нормальный режим (keep regular hours), и я объяснил, что почти каждый вечер я встречаюсь с друзьями. Доктор захотел узнать, как я провожу время, и я сказал, что в основном (mostly) я хожу на вечеринки. Доктор спросил меня, удается ли (have the chance) мне отдохнуть (to recover) в выходные дни, но я вынужден был признать (admit), что в выходные дни наши вечеринки длятся всю ночь.

Он спросил меня, курю ли я, и когда я сказал, что курю, доктор спросил меня, сколько сигарет в день я выкуриваю. Он был поражен, когда услышал мой ответ. Тогда врач спросил меня, занимаюсь (take) ли я гимнастикой для поддержания своего здоровья (to keep fit).

Я ответил, что для этого у меня нет времени.

"Вы поджигаете свечу (burn the candle) с обоих концов", сказал доктор Грей и добавил, "но я завидую вам, что вы так весело проводите время".
Подарок из Чикаго

Этой зимой в Чикаго было много снега. Железнодорожные рабочие не знали, что с ним делать. Начальник станции приказал очистить платформы. Он сказал не оставлять снег на платформах, так как это опасно для пассажиров. Он посоветовал сгребать (shovel) снег в большие кучи, но это была невыполнимая задача.

Вдруг одному из рабочих пришла в голову замечательная идея. "Я знаю, как избавиться (get rid of) от снега", - сказал он. "Давайте погрузим этот снег на грузовые платформы (freight train). Мы можем послать снег в Миссисипи и Новый Орлеан. По дороге он растает (melt away)". На следующий день пять тонн снега прибыло в Мемфис, Теннесси. "Это замечательный подарок," - сказал рабочий. "Мы знаем, что делать с этим снегом здесь. Мы пошлем его на детские площадки (playgrounds). Некоторые дети никогда не видели снега".
Ex. 5 Translate the story. Turn direct speech into indirect speech with tense changes.
"Я просмотрела результаты ваших анализов", – сказала доктор Лестер.

"Вы очень поправились", – сказала она мне.

"Вы набрали (gain) пять с половиной килограммов за шесть месяцев", - добавила она.

"Если вы будете продолжать в том же духе, вы станете очень толстым (get fat)," – сказала она мне.

"Я вынуждена посадить вас на строгую диету (put on a strict diet); вы должны есть очень мало," – добавила она.

"Хорошо, я буду жить на воде и орехах", – сказал я, разозлившись.

"Да, вы можете жить на воде и орехах, но без орехов," – согласилась доктор Лестер.

MODAL VERBS

Meaning	Present	Past	Future
1. Can 1) Физическая и умственная способность, возможность выполнить действие. Перевод: могу, умею. 2) Просьба (вежливая – could). 3) Запрет. Перевод: нельзя. 4) Удивление. Перевод: не может быть, неужели).	can, cannot (can’t) I can do it now. I can’t swim. Can I help you?	could, could not (couldn’t) was / were able (to) – смог, сумел, был в состоянии She could swim well. I was able to get there just in time.	can; shall / will be able (to), shall not (shan’t) / will not (won’t) be able (to) I can phone you at 5 o’clock. I’ll be able to translate this text.
2. Must 1) Долженствова-ние. 2) Необходимость, совет, приказ. Перевод: должен, нужно, надо. 3) Предположение (неуверенность). Перевод: должно быть, вероятно. 4) Строгий запрет. Перевод: нельзя.	must, must not (mustn’t) - Must I do it? - No, you needn’t. He must be ill.	had (to); did not have (to)…; Did you have (to) …? I had to go there. - Did you have to go there? - Yes, I did.	shall / will have (to); shall / will not have (to) I’ll have to go there.
3. May 1) Разрешение. Перевод: можно. 2) Предположение (уверенность). Перевод: может быть, возможно. 3) Упрек (might + Perf. Inf.) Перевод: мог бы.	may, may not - May I come in? - Yes, you may. It may (might) rain today.	might, might not He said that we might come later.	may; shall / will be allowed (to), shall / will not be allowed (to); You may phone me tonight. He says that I will be allowed to stay here.
4. Should / ought (to) 1) Совет. 2) Моральный долг, обязанность. 2) Упрёк (+Perf. Inf.). Перевод: следует, следовало бы.	should do / ought to do You should do it.	should have done / ought to have done He should have done it.	should do / ought to do You should visit him.
5. to have (to) Необходимость, вызванная какими-то обстоятельства-ми. Перевод: должен, приходится.	have / has to, do / does not have to, Do you have to…? He has to work much. Does he have to work much?	had to, did not have to…; Did you have to … ? I had to walk there. Why did you have to walk there?	shall / will have to … Will you have to … ? You will have to get up early tomorrow. When will you have to get up?
6. to be (to) Необходимость в соответствии с договорённостью, планом, расписанием.	am is to meet are We are to meet now.	was to meet were He was to wait for me.	am is to meet are We are to discuss it tomorrow.
7. need (needn’t) Необходимость или отсутствие необходимости выполнить действие. Перевод: (не) нужно, надо.	You needn’t hurry.	You needn’t have come.	- Need I go there? - No, you needn’t. - Yes, you must.

Ex. 1. Use "can," "may," "must" or "to be able".
1. The man ... be a foreigner. He ... not understand Russian. 2. How ... we get to the centre of London? 3. It's 10 o'clock, you ... go to bed at once. 4. If you go through the forest you ... lose your way. 5. ... I use your camera? 6. Flue ... be very dangerous. 7. Mrs. Smith ... be at least 60. 8. Something ... be done to stop the criminal. 9. ... you understand what he’s speaking about? 10. You ... come a little later tomorrow. 11. She ... not be 35, she has grandchildren. 12. If we take a taxi, we … catch the last train. 13. … you find him? – Yes, I was. He was outside.
Ex. 2. Use "mustn't" or "needn't":
1. You ... clean the room today, you can do it tomorrow morning.
2. I ... forget to post the letter mother gave me. 3. We have a lot of food at home so we ... go shopping today. 4. The baby is asleep, you ... shout.
5. You ... shout, I'm not deaf. 6. You ... worry about your luggage, I'll take care of it. 7. Must I come on Saturday? — No, you ... . 8. This book is very valuable, you ... lose it. 9. You ... eat the salad if you don't like it. 10. We have plenty of time so we ... hurry. 11. You ... tell anybody what I said. 12. You ... cross the street when the red light is on. 13. Must I type these letters today? — No, you ... . 14. You ... remind her about the meeting. I warned her yesterday.
Ex. 3. Use "must," "to have" or "to be".
1. The train ... arrive in five minutes, we ... hurry up. 2. If he doesn't meet you at the station you ... take a taxi. 3. They ... be here an hour ago. 4. I ... go to the library after classes because I ... make a report tomorrow. 5. It ... be a very interesting novel, I know the author. 6. I don't think you ... wait long. 7. They ... marry early in June, so they ... stay in Moscow.
8. She ... clean her shoes after working in the garden. 9. The lecture ... begin in a minute. 10. You ... be tired, you ... have a little rest. 11. I ... answer a lot of questions at the examination. 12. We ... leave on Monday
Ex. 4. Use "must," "have to," "ought to" or "should".

1. If you want to be fit, you ... not eat cakes, but you certainly ... walk a lot. 2. I'm late. I ... hurry. 3. There is light in the house, somebody ... be in. 4. The bus we took didn't go up the hill and we ... walk. 5. Every child ... know traffic rules. 6. It's dark outside, it ... be about 8 now. 7. You ... not eat so many sweets because they contain a lot of calories. 8. You ... not speak to your mother like this. 9. Why ... I do somebody else's work? 10. I think you ... give up smoking.

Ex. 5. Fill in the space with the most suitable modal verb: can(not), could (not), be able (to), may, might, must (not), to have (to), should (not), ought (to), need (not), to be (to).
1. The school's regime was harsh at that time. Pupils ... to get up at 4.30 every morning for prayers and Ex.s.

2. I ... help you. You need to speak to the manager.

3. You ... tell anyone about our meeting. Let's keep it secret. - You ... worry. Nobody will know anything.

4. I'm not sure at all, but Tom ... know about it.

5. You ... work harder if you want to learn English.

6. Oh no! I ... find my passport anywhere. - I think it ... be in your briefcase or you ... have left it at work.

7. The American President is elected for four years of service and ... be reelected for four additional years.

8. I believe him, he ... deceive me. You ... to believe him too.

9. You ... do it at once, otherwise you'll let me down.

10. ... I go out? I ... to meet them at the entrance.

11. You ... be late. You ... to come at 5 o'clock. They will be waiting for you there.

12. The doctor said that you ... give up smoking.

13. You ... not come. There is nothing to do.

14. The stadium was full of fans, but we ... to get tickets for this match.

15. She ... speak three languages, but she ... write any of them when she was younger.
Ex. 6. Translate into English using modal verbs.

1. Ты умеешь печатать? 2. — Можно взять твой учебник? — Нет, мне он нужен. Я завтра должна делать доклад. 3. Погода изменилась, и нам пришлось вернуться из отпуска раньше.
4. Какое счастье, что завтра воскресенье, не надо рано вставать.
5. Вам необходимо выступить на собрании. Кто-то должен высказать нашу точку зрения. 6. — Нам надо сдавать сочинение сегодня? — Необязательно. Но если оно готово, можете сдать его сегодня. 7. Неужели уже 7 часов? Еще светло. 8. Детям не следует смотреть ночные телепрограммы. 9. Может быть, я ошибаюсь, но мне кажется, это он. 10. Должно быть, очень трудно быть учителем. 11. — Где Коля? — Он, наверное, ждет нас на остановке 12. Самолеты не летают, мы должны будем остаться здесь до лета. 13. Тебе следует научиться готовить самому.
14. Придется встать очень рано, чтобы успеть на поезд. 15. Я должна была подготовить доклад к следующему дню.

CONDITIONAL SENTESES OF THREE TYPES

Тип 1	Придаточное предложение	Главное предложение
Относится к ситуации, которая может или не может произойти в будущем или настоящем (соответствует в русском языке условным предложениям с глаголом в изъявительном наклонении).	Present simple, Present continuous, Present perfect, Present perfect continuous, modals: can, must, should + main verb If I have any free time, Если у меня будет свободное время,	Will, can, should, might + main verb I will phone you. я тебе позвоню.

Тип 2	Придаточное предложение	Главное предложение
Условные предложения II типа выражают невероятные или маловероятные предположения в настоящем, либо будущем времени.	Past simple, Past continuous, Modals: could, had to + main verb If I had any free time, Если бы у меня было время (сейчас),	Would, could, might, should+ main verb I would phone you. Я бы позвонил тебе.

Note! Мы используем were вместо was для всех лиц в придаточных предложениях второго типа.

If I were you, I would live in a house.

На твоем месте, я бы жил в доме.

Тип 3	Придаточное предложение	Главное предложение
Условные предложения III типа выражают предположения, относящиеся к прошлому времени и являются, поэтому невыполнимыми, нереальными.	Past perfect, Past perfect continuous If I had had free time yesterday, Если бы вчера у меня было время,	Would, could, might, should + perfect infinitive I would have phoned you. я бы позвонил тебе.

Смешанные типы условных предложений.

Придаточное предложение	Главное предложение
If the law had passed last year, (Type 3) Если бы закон прошел в прошлом году, (предположение относится к прошлому)	the economy would be in a better state now. (Type 2) экономика была бы в лучшем состоянии сейчас. (предположение относится к настоящему)
If I were you, (Type 2) Если бы я был на твоем месте, (предположение относится к настоящему)	I would have forgiven her long ago. (Type 3) я бы простила бы ее давным-давно. (предположение относится к прошлому)
Even if nobody wanted it, (Type 2) Даже если бы никто этого не пожелал,	the sun will rise. (Type1) солнце все равно взойдет.

Ex. 1. Explain the usage of the tense forms in the following conditional sentences. Define the type of the conditional sentence.

1. 
   He walked around the city aimlessly for the rest of the morning, looking into shop windows and thinking of the things he would buy if he had money.
   
2. 
   If I remind you in a month from now of things you are saying tonight you will laugh.
   
3. 
   If he knew he would have told me. I’m sure he knows nothing.
   
4. 
   It was so dark that he would have lost his way if she had not taken him by the hand.
   
5. 
   “Do you think it’s important?” “Yes, I do. If I didn’t I wouldn’t be here”.
   
6. 
   Would you do it differently if you had to do it over again?
   
7. 
   I think it would be a good thing if you would come and stay at my house for a little while.
   

Ex. 2. Open the brackets, using the verbs in the necessary tense for conditional sentences type I.

1. 
   I’ll look for your notebook and if I (to find) it I (to give ) you a ring.
   

1. 
   If you (to see) Tom tell him I have a message for him.
   
2. 
   If you’d like some ice I (to get) some from the fridge.
   
3. 
   I shan’t wake if the alarm (not to go) off.
   
4. 
   If it (to freeze) tonight, the roads (to be) very slippery tomorrow.
   
5. 
   If you (not to take) the book back to the library tomorrow you (to have) to pay a fine.
   
6. 
   If you (to like) I (get) you a job in this company.
   
7. 
   You can use my phone if yours (not to work).
   
8. 
   If Jack (to refuse) to help we’ll have to manage without him.
   
9. 
   If you (to hear) from Tom can you please let me know?
   
10. 
    If he (to pay) me tonight I (to have) enough money for the tickets.
    
11. 
    If I (to pass) this exam I (to go) to the university next October.
    

Ex. 3. Open the brackets, using the verbs in the necessary tense for conditional sentences type II.

1. 
   If I (to have) any experience in this field, I (to give) you advice.
   
2. 
   If I (to have) a fever, I (to take) a medicine.
   
3. 
   I he (to be) hungry, he (to go) to a restaurant.
   
4. 
   If I (to remember) my colleague’s telephone number, I (to congratulate) him on his birthday.
   
5. 
   If this man (not to be) so nervous, he (to be) a success.
   
6. 
   If this suit (not to be) dirty, he (to put) it on.
   
7. 
   If you (to give) me a hint, I (to understand) you at once.
   
8. 
   If this idea (to have) advantages, we (to consider) it.
   
9. 
   If his character (not to be) so uneasy, he (to have) much more friends.
   
10. 
    If these conditions (to suit) me, I (to agree) on them.
    
11. 
    If my dream (to come true) one day, I (to be) very happy.
    

Ex. 4. Open the brackets, using the verbs in the necessary tense for conditional sentences type III.

1. 
   If we (to share) one room at a hotel during our holiday, we (to get to know) each other better.
   
2. 
   If you (to accompany) me to the concert, you (to enjoy) the wonderful music.
   
3. 
   If we (to solve) that problem in time, we (not to be involved) in such a situation.
   
4. 
   If he (to treat) his wife in a right way, she (not to leave) him.
   
5. 
   If he (to develop) his talent for music, he (to become) a real pianist.
   
6. 
   If her doctor (to prescribe) that medicine to her, she (to take) it.
   
7. 
   If my friend (keep) my secret, nobody (to speak) about it.
   
8. 
   If our neighbor (not to fail) at his last exam, he (to enter) the university.
   
9. 
   If those people (to refuse) to help me at once, I (to find) another way out.
   
10. 
    If I (to reach) my business partner on the phone, we (to appoint) a meeting for today.
    
11. 
    If I (to allow) to take part in that discussion, I (to tell) my opinion.
    

Ex. 5. Open the brackets using the verbs in a necessary tense form.

1. 
   I (to wait) if I (to be) you.
   
2. 
   She (to fall) if he suddenly (not to put) out a hand to steady her.
   
3. 
   If your father (to be) here, he (to give) you a piece of his mind.
   
4. 
   I do not know what (to happen) if this (to go) on much longer.
   
5. 
   Don’t you see that if things like that (to happen) life (to be) quite different?
   
6. 
   I believe you (to make) her stay if it (to be) not so late.
   
7. 
   I (to be) grateful if you (to keep) the news to yourself.
   
8. 
   Many people ask themselves: “What I (to do) differently if I (to have) another chance?”
   
9. 
   The situation has been bad lately, but everything (to calm) down if you only (to stop) making a fuss.
   
10. 
    It (to be) awkward if she (to refuse) to co-operate.
    
11. 
    What his mother (to think) if she (to hear) of what he has done?
    
12. 
    If the situation (not to change) by Saturday I (to be) in trouble.
    
13. 
    I (not to be) surprised if he (to offer) an important post under the new government.
    

Ex. 6. Open the brackets using the necessary tense for mixed conditional sentences.

1. 
   If the government (to do) more about unemployment, they (not to be) in danger of losing the coming elections.
   
2. 
   If we (to be) rich, we (to help) those people who were suffering.
   
3. 
   If Jane (not to be) so brave, she (to jump) off the bridge to save the child when the accident happened.
   
4. 
   If Sue (to be) more self-confident, she (to go) into business with Mike when he offered her partnership.
   
5. 
   If John (to be) more thoughtful, he(to take) that great risk that cost him a career.
   
6. 
   If he (not to be) so stubborn, they (to reach) an agreement at their previous talks.
   
7. 
   If I (to take) an aspirin in the morning, I (not to have) this splitting headache now.
   
8. 
   He (not to be) efficient in his new job if he (not to study) English hard when he was at college.
   
9. 
   If Mary (to remember) to buy apples yesterday, she (to make) an apple pie before Nick comes.
   

Ex. 7. Finish the following conditional sentences.

1. 
   If I were The President ………..
   
2. 
   If I were the Spanish Queen ………
   
3. 
   If I lived in New-York …………
   
4. 
   If I had an island ……………..
   
5. 
   If I had a helicopter………………..
   
6. 
   If I were a banker ………………
   
7. 
   If I belonged to any political party, ……..
   
8. 
   If anybody did me harm, ………….
   
9. 
   If it were summer…………
   
10. 
    If you were open with me…………….
    

Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.

1. 
   Я бы никогда не подумал, что это возможно, если бы я не увидел этого своими глазами.
   
2. 
   Я бы не стал делать этого на твоем месте.
   
3. 
   Пьеса понравилась бы мне больше, если бы она не была такой длинной.
   
4. 
   Если бы не его болезнь, семья переехала бы в город.
   
5. 
   Если бы он пришел вовремя, этого могло бы не случиться.
   
6. 
   Если бы я сказал что-нибудь подобное твоей тетушке, она сочла бы меня сумасшедшим.
   
7. 
   Возможно он вел бы себя иначе, если бы обстоятельства были иными.
   
8. 
   Если вдруг возникнет какая-нибудь трудность, позвони мне тотчас же.
   
9. 
   Мы бы успели на последний автобус, если бы ушли из театра на пять минут раньше.
   
10. 
    Если бы он отказался от этого предложения, отец рассердился бы на него.
    
11. 
    Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встретили, вы бы его не узнали.
    
12. 
    Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями.
    
13. 
    Если бы вы помогли мне решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень благодарен.
    
14. 
    Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале.
    

Ex. 9. Find mistakes in the following sentences and correct them.

1. 
   He will pass the exam if he did more work.
   
2. 
   If you ran faster, you would have caught the bus. Now you’ll have to wait for another one.
   
3. 
   If I have more time, I’d take up tennis.
   
4. 
   If I were you, I’ll send them an invitation to the party.
   
5. 
   If I am you , I wouldn’t go out in such weather.
   
6. 
   If Stephen wasn’t driving so fast, the police wouldn’t have stopped him.
   
7. 
   If you didn’t give me a lift, I wouldn’t be here now.
   
8. 
   If the food was not so spicy, I’d have enjoyed it more.
   
9. 
   If I’m rich, I’d give a lot of money to charity.
   
10. 
    If we had arrived one minute later, we will miss the train.
    
11. 
    I will be able to lend you some money if I sold my car.
    
12. 
    Nobody would have come to the concert if we hadn’t so many famous names.
    

WISH-SENTENSES

Unreal Present Wish + past simple/past continuous Действие, выраженное сказуе-мым дополнительного прида-очного предложения, выражает сожаление о настоящем.	I wish she were here now.	Хотелось бы, чтобы она была здесь. (Жаль, что ее нет здесь сейчас).
Unreal Past Wish +past perfect Действие, выраженное сказуемым дополнительного придаточного предложения, выражает сожаление о том, что случилось или не случилось в прошлом.	I wish you had had time then.	Хотелось бы, что бы у вас тогда было время. (Жаль, что у вас тогда не было времени)
Wish + would + infinitive действие, выраженное сказуемым дополнительного придаточного предложения выражает желание, но отсутствие возможности изменить что-либо в настоящем или в будущем.	I wish you would be more diligent.	Я бы хотел, чтобы ты был более старательным.

Ex. 1. Explain the usage of the tense forms in the following conditional sentences.

1. 
   I wish I had a lab of my own.
   
2. 
   She almost wished she hadn’t asked them to dinner.
   
3. 
   I wish it had happened to anyone but you.
   
4. 
   I wish you had brought your sister with you.
   
5. 
   He wished they would let him enjoy his dinner in peace.
   
6. 
   Oh, how I wish it would rain!
   
7. 
   I wish you wouldn’t be so happy, Willy, when I’m so miserable.
   
8. 
   I wish he were younger and more handsome.
   
9. 
   I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise.
   
10. 
    I wish people wouldn’t talk in the cinema when other people watch the film.
    

Ex. 2. Open the brackets using the necessary tense form.

1. 
   Bill, you’re up to something. I wish I (to know) what it is.
   
2. 
   Mel wished he (to know) earlier what Tom had just told him.
   
3. 
   He wished that it all never (to happen) at all and that things (to be) as they once had been.
   
4. 
   I wish I (to have) a jeep, that’s all.
   
5. 
   I wish I (to be) quite sure that she is honest.
   
6. 
   I wish you (to go) up and (to see) Willy.
   
7. 
   I wished he (not to ask) that question.
   
8. 
   “Have you got my letter?” “Yes. I wish you (not to write) it.”
   
9. 
   I wish you (to ask) her a question or two about her parents.
   
10. 
    At first sight of his host Andrew almost wished he (not to come).
    
11. 
    I wish you (to keep) quiet for a while!
    
12. 
    I wish you (to stop) complaining.
    
13. 
    They wished they (to book) tickets in advance.
    
14. 
    She wishes she (to spend) more time swimming last summer.
    

Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Я бы хотел, чтобы ты пришел к тому или иному решению.

1. 
   Я иногда жалею, что ты решил написать эту книгу.
   
2. 
   Мне бы хотелось, чтобы у нас был настоящий сад.
   
3. 
   Как я жалею, что сделал это.
   
4. 
   Я бы хотел, чтобы ты снова начал писать стихи.
   
5. 
   Как жаль, что я не застала ее дома.
   
6. 
   Я пожалела, что рассказала им об этом.
   
7. 
   Если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье!
   
8. 
   Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в конференции.
   
9. 
   Жаль, что вы не обратили внимание на его предупреждения.
   
10. 
    Он пожалел, что бросил университет.
    
11. 
    Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу.
    
12. 
    Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке.
    

NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB
The Infinitive

Инфинитив (неопределенная форма глагола) представляет собой неличную глагольную форму, которая только называет действие, не указывая ни лица, ни числа. Инфинитив отвечает на вопросы что делать? что сделать?: to read, to write, to buy.

Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to.

Частица to не ставится:

1. 
   после модальных глаголов (can, may, must, need, could, might, should):
   

She can swim well. They should do it.

2. 
   после глаголов to make (в значении «заставлять» в активном зало­ге), to let (разрешать):
   

She let them go.

3. 
   после выражений had better (лучше бы):
   

You'd better sing us. A также would rather (предпочел бы): I would rather do it later.

Инфинитив может служить в предложении:

1. Подлежащим	То skate is pleasant.	Кататься на коньках приятно.
2. Именной частью сказуемого	Your duty was to inform me about it immediately.	Вашей обязанностью было сообщить мне об этом немедленно.
3. Частью составного глагольного сказуемого	She began to translate the article.	Она начала переводить статью.
4. Дополнением	I asked him to help me.	Я попросил его помочь мне.
5. Определением	He expressed a desire to help me.	Он выразил желание помочь мне.
6.Обстоятельством	I went to the station to see off a friend.	Я поехал на станцию проводить друга.

Инфинитив имеет формы времени и залога.

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to ask	to be asked
Continuous	to be asking	----------
Perfect	to have asked	to have been asked
Perfect continuous	to have been asking	----------

Инфинитив в форме Indefinite (как Active, так и Passive) употребляется, когда действие, которое он выражает:

Одновременное c действием, выраженным глаголом в личной форме	I am glad to see you. I saw him enter the house.	Я рад вас видеть. Я видел, как он вошел в дом.
Безотносительно ко времени его совершения:	То skate is pleasant.	Кататься на коньках приятно.