Рабочая программа учебной дисциплины «английский язык как язык международного общения»
Passive Voice (Страдательный Залог)
Видовременные Формы.
| Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous To be going to . | Active Voice He gives a lecture every day. He’s giving a lecture now. He’s given a lecture. He’s been giving a lecture since morning. He gave a lecture yesterday. He was giving a lecture at three. He had given a lecture by five. When we came he had been giving a lecture for two hours. He’ll probably give a lecture tomorrow. He will be giving a lecture at 5 He will have given a lecture by five. He will have been giving a lecture for an hour by five. He’s going to give a lecture one of these days. | Passive Voice A lecture is given every day. A lecture is being given now. A lecture has been given. The lecture has been given since morning. A lecture was given yesterday. A lecture was being given at three. A lecture had been given by five. The lecture had been given for two hours when we came. The lecture will be given tomorrow. The lecture will be given at five. The lecture will have been given by five. The lecture will have been given for an hour by five. The lecture is going to be given. |
!!! N.B. В пассивном залоге отсутствуют все временa группы Perfect Continuous (Present, Past, Future) и Future Continuous.
В пассивном залоге употребляются переходные глаголы, т.е. глаголы, за которыми следует прямое дополнение (something).
To lie but to lay the table (the table has been laid)
To rise but to raise a question (the question was raised yesterday)
В английском, как и русском языке, существует ряд глаголов, которые употребляются в некоторых выражениях в активном залоге при пассивном значении (сравните с русскими возвратными глаголами вариться, жариться, продаваться)
to wash, wear, iron, crumple, etc. e.g. The fabric washes well and doesn’t crumple.
to cook, fry, boil, peel, etc. e.g. Your dinner is cooking. Do the oranges peel well?
to read, sell. e.g. The book reads and sells well.
Exercise 1 (A)
Rewrite the sentences in the Passive where possible.
John opened the door.
__________________________________________________________________________
They didn’t come home last night.
__________________________________________________________________________
They are washing the car.
__________________________________________________________________________
They have been writing the report since morning.
__________________________________________________________________________
We’ll be exhibiting the paintings next month.
__________________________________________________________________________
He was painting the house when we came.
__________________________________________________________________________
He is going to sell the house.
__________________________________________________________________________
He’s running so fast!
__________________________________________________________________________
He’d laid the table by 5.
__________________________________________________________________________
By 5, he will have been giving the lecture for an hour.
__________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2 (A)
What happens in Luigi’s restaurant before it opens for the evening every day? Look at the prompts and make up sentences using Passive Voice.
The carpets/vacuum
__________________________________________________________________________
The tables/wipe
__________________________________________________________________________
The cutlery/polish
__________________________________________________________________________
The menu/check
__________________________________________________________________________
The food/prepare
__________________________________________________________________________
The ovens/heat
__________________________________________________________________________
The flowers/arrange
__________________________________________________________________________
The salt and pepper pots/fill
__________________________________________________________________________
The candles/light
__________________________________________________________________________
It’s four o’clock now and some of the work is being done. Make up sentences.
The carpets/vacuum
__________________________________________________________________________
The tables/wipe
__________________________________________________________________________
The food/prepare
__________________________________________________________________________
The salt and pepper pots/fill
__________________________________________________________________________
The candles/light
__________________________________________________________________________
However, some of the work has already been done. Make up sentences.
The cutlery/polish
__________________________________________________________________________
The menu/check
__________________________________________________________________________
The ovens/heat
__________________________________________________________________________
The flowers/arrange
__________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3 (A, B) Introduction
Open the brackets using passive Voice.
Are you ready? ___________________________________ (all the preparations/make)?
The suspects __________________________________ (question) by the police now.
Do you still work at Brown and Co?
Yes, I do. I _____________________________ (employ) by them for five years now, you know.
Do you still enjoy it?
Oh yes! I ________________________ (give) a promotion last year and I’m very happy.
Wow! Do they pay you well?
Well, I _______________________ (pay) quite well, really.
Good for you!
There was a fire yesterday. – Oh! _____________________________ (it/show) on the news?
The house _________________________ (not clean) by the time I arrived. I was furious.
That’s a beautiful picture. – Yes. It ____________________________ (paint) by my mother.
_________________________________ (the thieves/catch)? – Yes, two men ____________________________ (arrest) yesterday and now ____________________________ (question) by the police.
Haven’t you heard? They say that the missing jewellery _________________________ (find).
Why is Paul afraid of dogs? – He ________________________ (bite) by a dog when he was a child.
Are you going to drive to work today? - No. The car _____________________________ (not fixed) yet.
I can’t drive to work. The car _________________________________ (still/fix).
I’m going to a party today. I ______________________________ (invite) by my friend.
Tom didn’t go to the meeting. It _____________________________ (cancel).
The new bridge ________________________________ (still/build) when I came there last month.
The new hospital _____________________________________ (build/already).
Did you read the newspaper this morning? – No, it ____________________________ (not deliver) by the time I left for work.
Where is your bike? – In the garage. It _______________________________ (repair).
Do you know your exam results yet? – No, they _____________________________ (not announce) yet.
Have you finished your homework yet? – No, but it ______________________________ (finish) by five.
The Academy awards Presentation ________________________________________ (first/organize) in 1929 and since then, it _____________________________ (hold) every year.
Exercise 4 (A, B)
Trevor Cole is a newsreader for a national television station. Every day, he is given notes on all of the stories in the news bulletin. Look at the prompts and make full sentences using the passive, as in the example.
e.g. Japan was hit by a big earthquake during the night…
Japan/ hit/ a big earthquake during the night/a few people/hurt – help/already send/ Red Cross.
Burley’s Bank/ rob/ this morning/ $500,000/ steal – two suspects/ question/ the police.
A diamond ring/ find/ the garden/ Mrs. Mary Silver/ yesterday – it/ lose/ for twenty years.
Another gold medal/ win/ British athlete, Terry Black – he/ award/ the medal for breaking the world record in the 100m race.
Tonight’s charity football match/ cancel – half the players/ take/ to hospital suffering from food poisoning – a new date for the match/ set/ tomorrow.
Exercise 5 (B) Introduction
Open the brackets using Active or Passive Voice.
When I came to this town three years ago, the bridge _____________________________ (still/ build).
He was sure his mistake _________________________________ (never/discover).
Close the door, the baby __________________________________ (wash).
She didn’t follow the advice she _____________________________ (give).
When she entered the classroom, the last student ________________________________
(still/ examine).
Hopefully, everything _____________________________________ (arrange) by the end of the day.
Luckily, the house ________________________________________ (restore) by the time he _____________________________ (come) back from Africa.
A lot of new houses ____________________________ (build) in our town this year.
The road ________________________________ (widen) for the last few weeks.
There was somebody walking behind us. We _________________________________ (follow).
After he __________________________________ (promise) the job, he felt quite jubilant.
I didn’t realize our conversation ____________________________________ (record), otherwise I wouldn’t have been so bold.
When we got to the stadium, we ________________________ (find) that the game _____________________________ (cancel).
I thought that the new hospital building _________________________________ (complete) by the end of the next year.
Once the letter ________________________________ (deliver), I’ll let you know.
They went to the storeroom where some of the goods ___________________________ (keep).
Nothing _____________________________ (see) of Pauline since her car ______________________________ (find) abandoned near Newberry.
For the past few days I ______________________________ (work) in Jack’s office as my own office _______________________________ (redecorate) now.
No decision _____________________________________ (make) about the future appointment until all the suitable candidates ______________________________ (interview).
Right now a student trip to the planetarium __________________________________ (organize). If you want, you can sign for it.
Before she _________________________________ (graduate) last month, she ______________________________ (offer) a position with a law firm.
He couldn’t quite remember what he __________________________ (tell) at the party.
When I came here last summer, the old bridge ________________________________ (repair) for more than a year, and now the work ________________________________ (still/ not finish).
Exercise 6*
Open the brackets using Passive Voice.
My piano _______________________________ (repair) at the moment.
_________________________________________ (my/parcel/post)?
I’m afraid all our copies ________________________________ (sell). - ________________________________________ (others/order/yet)?
He escaped when he__________________________________ (move) from one prison to another.
They say this street is a bottleneck but when it _______________________________ (widen) residents will be kept awake by the roar of the traffic all night.
I _______________________________ (waken) by a frightful crash at 4 a.m.
The keys ____________________ (return) to me yesterday. They __________________ (pick up) in the street.
I had to travel by bus as my car ________________________________________ (fix).
Other people’s schemes __________________________________ (try/all the time). Why ______________________________________ (my schemes/never/try)?
A lot of people are waiting at the station. The trains ______________________ (hold up) by the fog.
I believe he _________________________________ (see off) at the airport by all the ministers.
The bed ______________________________________ (not sleep in) for a fortnight.
After a million dollars _____________________________ (spend) on the scheme, they decided it was impracticable and it __________________________ (give up).
When I returned, I found that my car _______________________________ (tow) away. They told me it ___________________________________ (park) under a No Parking sign.
This college is already full. The students _______________________________ (turn) away all the time.
Why ________________________________________ (the road/block)? – The old theatre ___________________________________________ (pull) down.
Why ___________________________________________ (the roof/ not mend) before it fell in?
I have to stay in. I’ve bought a harp and it _____________________________ (deliver) this afternoon.
Far more money ______________________________________ (spend) on food now than ten years ago.
He promised that if the stolen gun __________________________________ (return), nothing __________________________________ (say) on the matter.
My dog _______________________ (steal) and he __________________________ (bring back) only after $20 reward ______________________________ (promise).
Who ______________________________________ (it/ write) by? I cannot remember.
_______________________________________________________ (the day of the ceremony/fix/yet)?
The engines ____________________________ (start) by hand. Now they ______________________________________ (start) by electricity.
The runway __________________________________ (lengthen) for half a year and there is still no sign that the work __________________________________________ (ever/complete).
It’s now 6 a.m. and at most of the hospitals patients __________________________________ (waken) with cups of tea.
Look! This notice __________________________________________ (alter)!
This time next month my paintings ________________________________ (exhibit) by New Arts Gallery.
Exercise 7 (A)
Translate from Russian into English paying special attention to Passive Voice.
Сегодня в пять я еду в аэропорт.
Сегодня в пять меня везут (drive) в аэропорт.
Когда она собралась уходить, он дал ей ключ.
Ей дали ключи, и она ушла.
Я уже погладила белье и не хочу больше ничего делать.
Белье уже погладили?
В это время в прошлом году бригада строила мост через реку.
В это время в прошлом году мост через реку уже строился.
Секретарь с трех часов печатает документы.
Документы печатают с трех.
К пяти они уже сделали работу.
К пяти работа была сделана.
Когда я вернулся, они ждали меня уже полчаса.
Когда я вернулся, меня ждали уже полчаса.
Не приходи в семь. Я буду укладывать детей спать (to put smb to bed).
В семь детей будут укладывать спать.
К следующей неделе мы закончим проект.
К следующей неделе проект будет закончен.
К концу года они будут строить это здание уже десять лет – это просто нелепо!
К концу года здание будет строиться уже десять лет.
Exercise 8 (B)
Translate from Russian into English paying special attention to Passive Voice.
Я уверена, что за мной следят!
Дети жалуются, что им не позволяют (to allow smb to do smth) смотреть телевизор.
Бумага осталась? – Нет, ее всю использовали (to use up).
Этот дом строится уже два года и пока не похоже (there is no sign), что строительство завершится (to be over) к Рождеству.
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